Hypotension

Abnormally low arterial blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg, potentially resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope, fatigue, or shock depending on severity, rapidity of onset, and underlying condition.

Causes

• Hypovolemia

  • Excessive fluid loss

  • Hemorrhage

  • Severe diarrhea or vomiting

  • Burns causing fluid loss

• Hematological causes

  • Anemia

  • Acute blood loss

  • Severe reduction in circulating blood volume

• Medication-related causes

  • Diuretics

  • β-blockers

  • Antidepressants

  • Antihypertensive medications

  • Vasodilators

  • Sedatives

• Cardiac causes

  • Arrhythmias

  • Heart failure

  • Heart valve disease

  • Myocardial infarction

  • Cardiomyopathy

  • Reduced cardiac output states

• Endocrine and metabolic disorders affecting vascular tone or metabolism

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Hypoglycemia

  • Adrenal insufficiency

• Infectious and immune-related causes

  • Sepsis

  • Anaphylaxis

  • Shock states (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, or obstructive)

• Pregnancy: Vasodilation

• Neurological disorders affecting blood pressure regulation

  • Autonomic neuropathy

  • Parkinson's disease

  • Neurodegenerative disorders

  • Spinal cord disorders

• Orthostatic hypotension